Which article of the Constitution establishes the US Supreme Court?

The correct response identifies Article III of the U.S. Constitution, which explicitly establishes the judicial branch of the government, including the Supreme Court. This article outlines the jurisdiction of federal courts, the types of cases they can hear, and the authority of the Supreme Court. Article III states that the judicial power of the United States is vested in one Supreme Court and in such inferior courts as Congress may establish. This foundational aspect ensures an independent judiciary, which is crucial for interpreting laws and upholding the Constitution.

Understanding this framework is essential as it underscores the separation of powers and the role of the judiciary in the U.S. government. Other articles, such as Article I, which deals with the legislative branch, and Article II, which focuses on the executive branch, contribute to the overall structure of the federal government but do not directly involve the establishment of the Supreme Court. Article IV primarily addresses the relationships among states and the federal government, further distinguishing it from the provisions laid out in Article III.