What does the term "cross-examination" refer to?

Cross-examination is a critical part of the trial process in which a witness is questioned by the opposing party after they have provided direct testimony. In this context, it refers specifically to the questioning of a witness by the defense after that witness has been called by the prosecution. The purpose of cross-examination is to challenge the credibility of the witness's testimony, clarify uncertainties, and strengthen the case for the defense.

This process allows the defense to expose any inconsistencies in the witness's statements, potentially weaken the prosecution's case, and provide the jury with a broader perspective on the evidence presented. Cross-examination is a strategic tool used by legal representatives to advocate for their clients effectively during a trial.

The other options either misrepresent who is conducting the questioning or reference actions that do not fall under the definition of cross-examination. Therefore, understanding that cross-examination specifically involves the defense questioning a prosecution witness is crucial for grasping the dynamics of courtroom proceedings.