What does sovereign immunity protect?

Sovereign immunity is a legal doctrine that protects state and government entities from being sued without their consent. This principle originates from the idea that the government cannot commit a legal wrong and is therefore immune from civil suits or criminal prosecution. This protection allows government entities, such as state governments and federal agencies, to operate without the fear of being continuously drawn into litigation by individuals or businesses, except in cases where they have waived that immunity.

Understanding this concept is important, especially in contexts where the government is engaging in actions that might otherwise be subject to legal challenge. The other options refer to groups that do not have the same form of protection under sovereign immunity. Civilian citizens can seek legal redress against other individuals or entities. Law enforcement officers may enjoy certain protections while performing their duties, but they can still be held accountable under specific circumstances. Private corporations, distinct from government entities, do not benefit from sovereign immunity and are fully subject to civil suits. Therefore, the correct answer emphasizes the protection offered specifically to state and government entities under the doctrine of sovereign immunity.