In which case did the Supreme Court determine that a frisk search of a vehicle is permissible when officers believe the suspect could access a weapon?

The correct choice is the case of Michigan v. Long, where the Supreme Court established that police officers may conduct a frisk of a vehicle's passenger compartment if they have a reasonable belief that a suspect may be armed and dangerous. This decision came about as part of the broader interpretation of the Fourth Amendment, specifically concerning searches and seizures.

In this case, the Court recognized that when officers have encountered a situation where they suspect that the suspect could access a weapon, it is justifiable for them to ensure their safety and the safety of others by performing a limited search of the area within the suspect's immediate control. The ruling emphasizes the importance of officer safety during vehicle stops and allows for a protective sweep of the vehicle's cabin without a warrant when specific conditions are met.

In contrast, the other mentioned cases revolve around different aspects of search and seizure laws. For instance, US v. Ross deals with the search of a vehicle based on probable cause, California v. Acevedo addresses the search of containers within vehicles, and Riley v. California focuses on the warrant requirement for searching digital data on cell phones. Each of these has its own legal framework and implications but does not specifically establish the criteria for frisking a vehicle for safety concerns as Michigan v.